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- <text id=92TT1530>
- <title>
- July 06, 1992: After Awakening, Real Therapy Begins
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1992
- July 06, 1992 Pills for the Mind
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- COVER STORIES, Page 56
- AFTER THE AWAKENING, THE REAL THERAPY MUST BEGIN
- </hdr><body>
- <p> In Washington Irving's classic folktale, Rip Van Winkle
- awakes from a 20-year nap to find his youth behind him, the
- world radically changed and his assumptions hopelessly
- outmoded. Schizophrenics roused to reality by clozapine endure
- much the same jolt. Re-entry is not merely a question of
- catching up with the arrival of rap music and the end of the
- cold war. It often means coming to terms with lost dreams: the
- chance to buy a house, build a career or perhaps start a family.
- On top of this, patients emerging from schizophrenia must
- acquire the skills needed to live independently while contending
- with the disorientation, neurological damage and emotional
- problems left behind by the disease. To manage all this takes
- more than a great drug; it demands months, even years, of
- painstaking therapy. "Clozapine gets their attention," says
- Sarah Burnett, supervisor of Case Western Reserve's Psychosocial
- Rehabilitation Clinic, "then counseling starts."
- </p>
- <p> A counselor's first goal is to coax newly awakened patients
- out of the cocoon of their former life. "They are like children
- at first," says Burnett. "Everything frightens them." Once their
- trust is gained, they must learn the most fundamental, practical
- facts about how to organize their life. In a group session, for
- instance, participants are asked to make a pie chart of a
- typical day. How big a slice does sleep get? Work? Television?
- Many schizophrenics are accustomed to sleeping 16 hours a day.
- To enforce normal habits, Burnett often uses peer pressure. When
- new arrivals realize that other patients in the group have cut
- their sleep time to eight hours, she says, "a light goes on."
- The technique has also worked to convince an unkempt patient of
- the need for regular showers.
- </p>
- <p> Patients at the rehabilitation center practice social skills
- by calling each other on the phone and organizing excursions to
- restaurants and shops. They help one another set daily goals:
- cook breakfast, buy Mom a birthday card, look for a job. They
- also learn to do mundane chores: washing clothes in the hospital
- laundry room and cooking in a tiny employee kitchen. Nothing is
- easy. Soap goes into the washing machines, but clothes are often
- forgotten. Because schizophrenics have certain cognitive
- problems, they have trouble generalizing the principles behind
- the chores. Thus learning to fry chicken doesn't mean they will
- know how to cook a hamburger. Technical skills can be mastered
- only by constant repetition. "I can't drive a car. I can't
- follow a map," complains a 40-year-old female patient. "I have
- no idea what a computer is. It's really embarrassing. Just about
- everybody with an I.Q. over 70 can do things I can't do."
- Another problem: parents who have suffered through decades of
- caretaking have trouble letting go. "That can really slow things
- down," says Burnett. She and her team conduct therapy sessions
- with the patients' families to help them adjust.
- </p>
- <p> Recovering patients must also cope with clozapine's side
- effects, which include drooling, drowsiness and possible
- seizures. Most adjust. But the risk of agranulocytosis is
- terrifying. Everybody at the center remembers a model patient
- who did so well on clozapine that she moved into her own
- apartment, got a job, found a boyfriend and bought a car. Then
- she lost it all, lapsing into homelessness and insanity, after
- she developed the dreaded blood-cell deficiency and had to be
- taken off the drug. Burnett remembers the woman begging to
- return to clozapine, insisting she'd "rather be dead" than
- endure madness again. She was ultimately killed in a street
- robbery.
- </p>
- <p> But for some, even the fear of agranulocytosis cannot
- compare with the hollow ache of lost possibilities. Kevin
- Buchberger, a former Little League star, had to jettison his
- dreams of playing pro baseball. One patient returned to a
- favorite fishing hole -- and found an apartment building. Women
- who have missed the chance to have children stare sadly at the
- enlarged girth of counselor Kathy Sinkiewicz, pregnant with her
- second child. Patients eventually have to confront and if
- necessary "mourn" these losses, says Sinkiewicz. Dancing at a
- belated high school prom was part of that process, but only the
- first of many intricate steps back toward life.
- </p>
- <p> By James Willwerth/Cleveland
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
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